A
Air Counterbalance – A pneumatic system that delivers adequate pressure to counter the weight of the slide, slide attachments, drive members, and upper die.
Auto Terminals – The point at which an electrical conductor in an electrical component ends and forms a connection with other external circuits. Spade terminals are the most common type of terminals found in automobiles.
B
Bar Coding – The process of tagging packaged parts for identification using machine-readable numeric, alphanumeric, or symbolic data-capture technology.
Barrel Tumbling – A deburring process that involves placing metal components in a rotating barrel along with an abrasive material. The rotary action allows the media to work against the metal surface to remove undesirable imperfections.
BDC/Bottom Dead Center – A term used to describe the location of the press when it is aligned at the bottom of its stroke.
Bed – A stationary and rigid structure, typically constructed from metal, to which the bolster plate of metal stamping equipment is attached.
Bed Cushion – A plate or series of vertically moving plates mounted below the bolster plates of a press. The cushion helps regulate the metal flow by controlling the blank holder force.
Bend Radius – The radius of a bent pipe, tube, sheet, or cable measured from the inside curvature. It can also be defined as the minimum radius that an element can bend without kinking or sustaining damage.
Bend Relief – A notch, or small cut, located at the point where the bend end meets the free edge. This allows bending to be performed without tearing or distorting the material.
Bending – A forming process that involves the angular displacement of a metal sheet. Bends may be V-, U- or channel-shaped.
Blank – A featureless workpiece obtained from cutting, punching, or shearing a sheet or strip of stock material. The blank typically undergoes further fabrication processes to create the final product.
Blanking – The process of die cutting, punching, or shearing the outside contours of a workpiece from a sheet or strip of stock material.
Bolster Plate – A solid metal plate, or block, mounted to the top side of the press bed. The bolster plate serves as a stable support structure for the bottom portion of the die.
Bow Distortion – Distortion that resembles the shape of a bow—the relative deflection near the center of the material is greater than its sides.
Bracket Manufacturing – The act of utilizing various metal forming processes to create structural or decorative metal brackets.
Brake – A friction-operated mechanism used to arrest the movement of a press, feed, or other fabrication process or tool.
Breakout – The portion of the cross-section of a cut edge where separation has occurred after the material’s fracture or shear stress has been exceeded.
Burn Mark – The natural discoloration that occurs in a material as a result of contact with a welding electrode.
Burr – A rough, sharp, or protruding edge left on a metal workpiece as a result of action by a tool or machine. Burrs normally appear as a result of drilling, shearing, punching, and/or blanking.
Burr Direction – The angular direction of a burr as identified by the tool exit-angle.
Burr-Free – A term used to describe a machined metal workpiece without rough, sharp, or protruding edges.
Burr Height – The vertical distance between the ideal workpiece edge and the highest point of the burr on the surface of a material.
Burr Rollover – A type of burr produced when the cutting tool exits the material. During the cutting action, material is forced outward in the shape of a bended chip.
C
Cam Actuated – A term used to describe a mechanism controlled by the rotary action of an object (cam).
Capacity – The maximum rated amount of weight, force, or pressure that a stamping press or sliding tool can safely exert at the end of its stroke.
Chain Dimensioning – A drafting method where adjacent linear dimensions are measured from each other without any gaps between the dimension lines.
Clamp Marks – Minor indentations created near the edges of stock material due to the pressure applied from a clamping device.
Clutch – A device used to engage or disengage the connection between the driving mechanism (shaft or wheel) and the driven member. Clutches can be operated either automatically or manually.
Coil Feeding – A system where material is delivered to the stamping equipment from cylindrically wound sheets or strips.
Coining – A form of stamping whereby a workpiece is subjected to high compressive pressures which force the metal to flow in and around the die to adopt a specific shape.
Cold Forging – A metal forming process whereby compressive forces are applied to a workpiece until it flows into and assumes the shape of the die. This technique is so named because forming takes place at or near room temperatures.
Compound Die – A stamping tool which pierces, blanks, and forms the stock material in one stroke.
Concentricity – A dimensional property used to describe two or more objects that share a common center. Typically used in reference to round or circular shapes.
Connection Points – The supporting points that connect the slide to the upper drivetrain of the stamping press.
Connecting Rod – A rigid member that delivers force and transfers motion from a revolving crank or crankshaft to another member, such as a piston, slide, or lever.
Continuous – A mode of stamping where the presses, slides, and other equipment operate without interruption for a specific period of time.
CSD (Continuous-on-Demand) – A mode of operation where the press is automatically run without interruption based on input from upstream or downstream processes. The press will run constantly until a signal is received to instruct it otherwise.
Controls – Devices that regulate the operation of machinery. Controls can be either automatically or manually actuated.
Corner – The location, area, or region where two sides or edges converge.
Corner Radius – The radius of the outside curvature of a bent pipe, tube, sheet, or cable.
Counter Balance – A system that counteracts the mass of the slide, slide attachments, and drive members. The counterbalancing force—provided by pneumatic cylinders—helps to eliminate force reversal and shock loading at the end of the press stroke.
Counterboring – A machining or coining operation where a flat-bottomed hole enlarges another concentric hole. Counterboring is typically used where a fastener is required to be flush with the surface of the workpiece.
Countersinking – A machining or coining operation where a conical hole enlarges and bevels the rim of a drilled hole. Countersinking is typically used where a screw, nail, or bolt is required to be flush with the surface of the workpiece.
Crimping – The process of joining two pieces of metal together by deforming one of them such that it clamps or grips the other.
Cumulative Tolerance – The progressive accumulation of tolerances from several operations.
Curling – The process of forming the edges of sheet metal into a circular cross-section by bending it around a shell or tube.
Custom Assemblies – Components put together based on a customer’s unique specifications using standard or non-standard parts and techniques.
Custom Bushings – Non-standard metal bushings manufactured to customer-specific requirements.
Custom Clips – Non-standard metal clips manufactured to customer-specific requirements.
Custom Metal Brackets – Non-standard metal brackets manufactured to customer-specific requirements.
Custom Metal Stamping Die – A stamping die specially created for the production of customized, non-standard metal parts and components.
Custom Metal Stampings – Non-standard metal parts or components produced to customer-specific requirements by the action of a press operation or series of operations.
Custom Shields – Non-standard cover shields manufactured to customer-specific requirements.
Clip Manufacturing – The act of utilizing various metal forming processes to create structural or decorative metal clips.
Cylinders – Pneumatic storage tanks containing compressed air used for counterbalancing the mass of the slide, slide attachments, drive members, and upper die.
D
Datum – A theoretical fixed starting point used as a basis for locating other design features on a drawing.
Deburr – The act of removing sharp, rough, or protruding edges from a metal workpiece.
Dedicated Tooling – A machining tool created specifically for the production of a unique part or component.
Deep Drawing – A forming process in which a metal blank is radially drawn into the cavity of a die via the compressive action of a punch tool. Deep drawing is suitable for forming cylindrical or box-shaped objects.
Deflection – The amount of horizontal or vertical deviation experienced in a machine part or member when a force is applied. Deflection is typically measured from a standard reference point.
Die – A tool used in metal stamping to form, draw, pierce, or cut a sheet metal stock to create the form for a specific part or component. The plural form, dies, is commonly used to describe the complete assembly consisting of an upper and lower element.
Die Block – A metal prop inserted between opposing tools or press members to support the weight of the slide and upper die. Die blocks are typically used as a safety measure when repairing or maintaining the press. The blocks arrest the movement of the upper die in the event that the brake or counterbalance should fail.
Die Clearance – The amount of space between the cutting edge of the punch and the die opening.
Die Cushion – An accessory that provides an opposing motion or counterforce to aid in the forming and release of the workpiece. Die cushions are typically pneumatic, but they may also be comprised of hydraulic systems, rubber, and springs. They may also be used for several operations including blank holding, uniform pressure regulation, knockout, etc.
Die Height – The distance measured from the bottom face of the ram or slide to the top of the bolster when the slide is positioned at the bottom of its stroke (bottom dead center/BDC).
Die Marks – Scratches, indentations, gouging, etc. caused by the action of the die or tooling on the workpiece.
Die Protection – A system of protective measures, including proximity sensors, used to monitor the operation of the tooling, reducing the risk of heavy impacts and crashes due to equipment malfunction.
Distributor Block – The component of the press lubrication system used to dispense oil/grease to the relevant areas of the equipment.
Draw Die – A tool that forms flat sheet metal blanks by applying a compressive pressure that causes the material to flow or stretch into the die cavity and over the punch.
Drawing – A metalworking process in which applied tensile or compressive forces cause a metal sheet or bar stock to stretch to a desired shape and thickness. This is typically achieved by forcing the metal through a die with a smaller cross-section.
Ductility – The measure of a metal’s ability to be bent, stretched, or otherwise deformed within its plastic limit without exhibiting fracture.
E
Eccentric – (1) A term used to describe a support location, rotational axis, or any other relevant point that is not at the object’s geometric center. (2) The offset of a shaft or gear that provides the reciprocating sliding movement of the press.
Edge Bulge – A type of deformation resulting from forming processes, such as piercing, insertion, and welding, occurring too close to the edge of the workpiece.
Edge-to-Feature – The linear geometrical distance from the edge of a part to a specific feature.
Edging/Edge Rolling – Curling the edge of a metal component into a circular cross-section. Edge rolling is typically used to remove sharp and dangerous burrs.
Embossing – The process of using a die, or series of dies, to produce a raised or sunken pattern on a metal workpiece.
ERP System – Acronym for Enterprise Resource Planning. A category of business management software tools and applications used by organizations to collect, store, manage, and analyze data related to business operations. ERP systems are essential in automating and increasing the efficiency of stamping and fabrication processes.
Extrusion – A forming technique in which pressure is used to force stock material through a die to create a desired cross-section profile.
F
Feature-to-Feature – The linear geometrical dimension between two specific features on a formed part or component.
Feed Units – An accessory used for delivering the workpiece to the press or removing it from the press.
Fine Blanking – A specialized type of blanking that fully penetrates the metal before the blank is released. This form of blanking produces no fracture zone and significantly reduces burrs and other imperfections.
Fixture – A specific type of tooling used to locate and hold parts and components in position.
Flange – A flat projecting portion of a metal component, usually in the form of a rim, collar, or rib. Flanges are generally used to increase the strength or stiffness of a metal profile.
Flat or Matte – A surface finish that is generally flat and dull; thus displaying no gloss when viewed at any angle.
Flywheel – A component that constantly rotates when the press motor is energized. The flywheel stores and releases energy during the nonworking and working portions of the press cycle respectively. The rotational energy or inertia helps prevent excessive or sudden changes in speed.
Flywheel Brake – A mechanism used to stop the motion of a flywheel. It is a safety device that is typically engaged before entering the die area.
Forging – The process of forming or shaping a metal object using a series of localized impact or compressive forces. The forces are typically delivered using a hammer or die and can be performed at room or elevated temperatures.
Formed Tab – A relatively small portion of a metal workpiece bent at an angle from its body.
Forming – A general term used to describe the process of converting a blank, featureless workpiece into a specific three dimensional part.
Foundation – The structural element which transfers the load from the pressing equipment to the ground. The foundation may simply be a concrete slab or a specialized concrete structure depending on the total weight of the equipment.
Four Slide Stamping – A horizontal stamping process where the tools strike and form the workpiece from four orthogonal directions.
G
Gage – Alternate spelling of gauge.
Gauge – (1) An instrument used for measuring and testing purposes; (2) A non-linear numerical scale used for quantifying metal thicknesses.
Gibs – The stamping press component that guides the motion of the slide to ensure straightness and parallelism. Gibs can be adjusted to achieve adequate clearances when compensating for excessive wear.
Go/No-Go Gauge – An inspection gauge used to determine whether a specific workpiece is within allowable tolerances.
Gouge – (1) A type of surface defect, typically deeper than a scratch, with raised edges. (2) The act of carving or removing small pieces of metal from a workpiece.
Grain Direction – (1) The alignment of the crystalline structure in a metal component resulting from the mill’s rolling process. Grains typically run parallel to the roll direction.
Grinding – To gradually remove material via a constant abrasive action.
H
Half Shearing – To partially penetrate a material to about ½ its thickness.
Hard Tooling – Tooling created specifically for the production of a specific part or component. Also known as dedicated tooling.
Hem (Dutch Bend) – A method of edge conditioning where a portion of the material near the edge is folded onto itself. Hemming is typically used to increase edge stiffness and remove sharp or rough edges.
Hold-Down Marks – Minor impressions or indentations on the surface of a material that may appear as a result of the pressure applied from holding-down devices.
Hole Rollover – The rounded profile created at the edge of a pierced material due to the plastic deformation of the metal. As the punch pierces the metal, the material at the top of the hole flows in the direction of the applied force.
Hole-to-Form – The linear geometrical distance from the edge of a hole or opening to the inside edge of a formed feature.
Hole-to-Hole – The linear geometrical distance between the centers of two holes or openings.
Hydraulic Press – A machine that applies pressure hydraulically to cut, bend, or otherwise form a workpiece via tools and dies operated by slides.
I
Inching – An operating mode whereby a series of incremental motions are used to adjust a set of dies and tools. Inching is used to precisely control the slide and other working members of the press.
Inspection Criteria – A set of parameters by which a finished part or component will be assessed and evaluated.
I-Press – An electronic and automated press control system for mechanical and hydraulic presses. This system allows operators to electronically extract job data, remotely monitor pressing operations, download data from other projects, etc.
Ironing – A sheet metal forming process wherein the thickness of a workpiece is reduced uniformly.
J
Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory – An inventory management system that involves procuring parts and raw materials from suppliers to align with production schedules—materials arrive as close as possible to when they are actually needed. JIT Inventory helps companies increase efficiency, decrease waste, and reduce inventory storage costs.
K
Knuckle Joint – A type of press machine that transmits force to the slide via a hinged pin (knuckle joint) mechanism that operates by means of a crankshaft and connection. The system is ideal for embossing, coining, extruding, and trimming.
L
Lancing – A piercing or slitting operation in which the workpiece is sheared and bent to create a pocket-shaped opening in the metal sheet. Lancing modifies the geometry of the workpiece without removing any material
Lead Frame – Thin metal structures to which semiconductors are attached during the electronic packaging process.
Left-Right-Front-Back – Term used to describe the orientation of the main shaft and other drive shafts in a mechanical power press.
Lead Time – The duration between the initiation and completion of a manufacturing process.
Link Motion – A modified motion produced when the slide connections are driven by a crankshaft, eccentric shaft, or eccentric gears. Link motions can produce constant velocity, fast approach, or slowdown through the working part of the press stroke.
M
Manifold – A drilled steel block with several branches or openings used to regulate or direct the flow of high-pressure fluids in a hydraulic system.
Master Die – A universal receptacle used for holding interchangeable tool systems.
Metal Bushings – A cylindrical hole lining or casing designed to reduce vibrational friction and wear.
Metal Pressing – The act of using a hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical power press to cut, form, or assemble metal parts and components.
Metallic Stampings – The final components produced by the action of a press operation, or series of operations, on a metal workpiece.
Metal Stamping – (1) A general term used to refer to a power press operation. (2) A component produced by the action of a press operation, or series of operations, on a metal workpiece.
Metal Thinning – The process of reducing the thickness of a metal workpiece during a forming operation.
Model – Preliminary sample of a product used to assess and analyze a design concept. A model is sometimes referred to as a prototype.
MRP System – Acronym for Material Requirements Planning. A type of inventory control system (usually software-based) used to manage and streamline a company’s manufacturing processes.
Multiple Slide Press – A press that uses two or more synchronized slide actions to strike the workpiece from different directions.
Multi-Slide Machines – A machine that employs multiple synchronized sliding actions to strike and form the workpiece from different directions.
N
Nesting – (1) To stack or fit one object into another. (2) To group or array multiple parts on a single sheet in an effort to conserve material.
Nibble Marks Notching – Minor irregularities near the edge of a stock surface following the punching operations of a turret press.
O
Ocean Shipping – To package and transport finished products to a specific destination via sea freight.
Overload – A condition where a hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical press exerts a force beyond its capacity. Overload protection systems are typically put in place to prevent damage to the press.
P
Parts Shute – Equipment used to direct pieces of metal cut from parts from the workspace into a designated area.
Penetration – The depth at which material is cut through exertion of a force, prior to the occurrence of material breakout.
Perpendicularity – The degree to which points on a specific part or feature form a 90-degree angle with a specified datum.
Piercing – The creation of openings, such as holes and slots, via shearing or punching.
Pilot Holes – Small diameter holes which are pierced in the metal prior to enlargement by a larger punch.
Pinch Trim – The process of removing/cutting away extra metal from a finished part. Trimming results in the metal being left with an outside burr and thinned edge.
Pitman – A rigid connecting member which enables motion transfer between rotating and reciprocating elements such as cranks and slides.
Plunger Guide – A type of connection which delivers non-rotational tonnage to the slide, thereby absorbing thrust forces and counteracting eccentric loads. Plunger guided connections are more precise when compared to pitmen.
Pneumatic Die Cushion – An accessory that utilizes a pneumatic pressure attachment to produce the counterforce required in the forming process. It is usually comprised of a cylinder piston, pressure plate, and other elements that are typically used with a press.
PMP (Preventative Maintenance Program) – A schedule that is predetermined and implemented to provide regular and required maintenance checks on equipment to minimize the probability of failure and associated downtime.
Poka-Yoke – A system which ensures quality in products through inspection, detection, and correction of defects as they occur.
PPAP – Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) is a quality management system that helps manufacturers and suppliers communicate, review, and approve processes and procedures at all stages of the product design cycle.
Precise Components of Tooling – Tools that are utilized in the manufacture of industry-specific items; for example, automotive parts to meet requisite high-quality and cost standards.
Progressive Dies – Two or more die stations which are arranged in a line to perform several operations on a part, with a single operation typically undertaken at each location.
Progressive Die Stamping – A widely used process in which metal is cut and formed using different dies located at separate stamping stations that undertake one or more continuous procedures on the part.
Progressive Tool – A multiple station die which incorporates several processes such as piercing, forming, extruding, and drawing to produce varying high quantity outputs.
Prototype – An initial product that is built to test parameters such as tolerance capability, tooling concepts, and manufacturability. A prototype generally forms the basis for future products.
Pull Down – The rounded profile created at the edge of a pierced material due to the plastic deformation of the metal. As the punch pierces the metal, the material at the top of the hole flows in the direction of the applied force. Also known as roll over.
Punch Block – A metal prop inserted between opposing tools or press members to support the weight of the slide and upper die. Die blocks are typically used as a safety measure when repairing or maintaining the press. The blocks arrest the movement of the upper die in the event that the brake or counterbalance should fail. Also known as die blocks or safety blocks.
Punch Holder – A part that contains the top die and serves to provide rigidity. The top die is typically mounted in the punch holder.
Punch Press – A punch press or mechanical power press is a machine that transmits compressive forces that cut, form, or assemble metal parts by utilizing dies attached to or operated by slides.
Punch Side – The area through which the punch enters the material. In terms of pierced features, the punch side is typically located opposite the burr side.
Punching Dampers – Short stroke hydraulic cylinders which are systematically organized and designed to reduce shock and absorb the increased tonnage load during punching operations.
Q
Quick Change Inserts – Parts or sections of a tool which can be altered without extraction of the whole tool from the press.
Quick Die Change (QDC) – A system employed to decrease die transition time, i.e., the reduction of upper and lower die clamping time. A QDC system consists of a hydraulic tank and pump unit and usually includes moving bolsters or die carts, automatic die clamps, and preprogrammed controls.
R
Rerolling – A method by which specific thickness control and improved finishes in the material are achieved. Rerolling is usually the last operation in the cold rolling process.
Restriking – Restriking is an operation that involves the sharpening of radii, form, or detail in an already formed area of the part. It can also be defined as the finishing of forming features that could not be attained in the prior operation.
Reverse Drawing – The process of redrawing sheet metal parts, resulting in the sheet metal being drawn in the opposite direction to the first draw. During reverse drawing, the intermediate part is flipped over prior to being placed on the die for the upcoming operation.
Reverse Tonnage – An event that occurs during flat type blanking or piercing operations when a large amount of forward tonnage is rapidly released. Reverse tonnage or snap thru results in significant damage to the stamping press.
Rigging – A system of ropes, cables, chains, and various equipment and/or vehicles employed to move, unload, and assemble presses at their final location.
Roundness – The degree to which the shape of an object is circular.
Run Out Flange – A feature on a formed part which the designer implements to absorb the tolerance build-up caused by many forming operations.
S
Scrap – Excess or waste material produced by the stamping process. Scrap material is usually recycled.
Shear-to-Feature – Process by which an edge of stock is sheared to a precise dimension from an existing feature.
Shearing – The application of a cutting force perpendicular to the material, resulting in yielding and breaking.
Shut Height – The dimension in a die or press taken between the ram and bed when the ram is down and the adjustment is up. The shut height is typically equal to the maximum die-height that can be accommodated when taking the bolster into consideration.
Slide – The part of the press that reciprocates linearly and to which the punch or upper die is affixed.
Slide Adjustment Device – A component which consists of a worm shaft and worm gear and enables the die height to be adjusted using a push-button control. The slide adjustment device is motorized and outputs a digital readout.
Slide Adjustment Locking Device – A mechanism that prevents unintended change in the press shut height when subjected to heavy stamping loads.
Slide Forming – A metal stamping process used in high-volume operations in which a machine consisting of multiple slides performs several operations in sequence.
Slide Locking Device – A mechanical device which prevents inadvertent slide movement on hydraulic presses.
Slide Machines – Metal stamping or metal press equipment consisting of a linearly reciprocating member which applies pressure to form the metal workpiece. Also called a Slide Press.
Slug – Waste material or scrap that is removed from a piercing operation. Slugs are also referred to as punchout.
Spring Back – The occurrence of partial rebounding of formed materials due to their elastic properties.
Spring Clip – One-piece fastener that holds inserted components through spring tension and does not easily come loose during vibrations. The strength of a spring clip is directly influenced by factors such as the material used, its thickness, and design.
Spot Face – (1) A bearing area for hardware that is circular and flat in nature. Also called a sump. (2) The smooth area around the hole for a fastener.
Squareness – The degree to which adjacent edges or surfaces are perpendicular.
Steel Stamped – General term used to describe a part or component manufactured by a metal stamping machine.
SSD – Single-on-Demand (SSD) is a mode of operation where the press automatically makes a single stroke based on input from upstream or downstream processes. Upon receiving the appropriate signal, the press will make a single stroke and stop.
Staking – A method by which two or more parts are put together by displacing a small portion of the metal over the mating part; this results in compression on the parts being assembled.
Stamping – Cold forming process whereby thin-walled metal parts are punched using a machine or stamping press to form the sheet. Stamping can either occur in a single stage operation or through a series of stages, during which the material is cut or formed through the application of sufficient forces until it obtains its required shape.
Stamping Parts – Parts that are cut or formed from sheet metal into a required contour.
Steel Stampings – A part or component produced by the action of a press operation or series of operations on a metal workpiece.
Stiffening Rib – A feature which is imprinted in a sheet metal workpiece to increase its rigidity.
Stretcher Leveled – The stretching of material beyond its yield point, through the process of flattening, to achieve the required flatness tolerance.
Stripper Marks – Imprints formed on one side of the stock surrounding pierced holes as a result of the punch stripping process.
Stripper Plate – A dual purpose plate, which can be either solid or moveable, used to release the part from the punch. It can also be used as a guidance tool for the stock.
Stroke – Slide movement in the vertical plane that occurs during a half cycle motion from the fully open to fully closed position, or vice versa.
Swaging – The process by which metal is formed by the swift striking of a large number of blows in succession.
T
Tapping – Process whereby internal threads are generated either through cutting or forming.
T-Slots – Slots created by machines which are located in the lower bolster and upper slide, that provide a means for attaching die components. T-Slots can be customized in accordance with client specifications.
Tie Rod – A steel rod which is threaded at both ends and utilized for tying sections of dies together or for repairing broken dies. These rods are stretched to place members under a predetermined compressive load.
Throat (Gap) – An open space in the press frame that allows for the positioning of material in the workspace. It is located behind the slide center line.
Top Dead Center (TDC) – The uppermost point on a slide, that is, when the press is at the top of the stroke.
Tonnage – The counteracting force exerted by the press against the workpiece in the die. The tonnage rating capacity of the machine is specified at a distance above the bottom of the stroke of the slide.
Tool & Die – Precision tools or metal forms that are utilized to cut, shape, and form metals. They may include molds, holding down devices, stamping or drilling tools, as well as gauges and other measuring devices.
Transfer – A programmed system where a part is moved from one die station to another by mechanical means. This is primarily implemented in operations that need to be performed in a free state.
Transportation & Trucking – Utilization of trucks or other systems to move goods, with the mode of transport being chosen based on the dimensions of the load.
Trimming – The removal of excess metal on the flange or axial length of partially or fully shaped parts.
Trucking – Moving of loads through the use of trucks with adequate specifications/dimensions to fit the required load. For loads that are greater in dimension than the assigned truck, permits and escort cars may be required. For presses and heavy loads, flatbed trucks are not recommended due to their high center of gravity.
Turret Press – An automatic punch press used for indexing materials and selection of the required tool from a rotary tool holding device. Turret presses may be operated by manual or automatic means and can perform processes such as piercing, blanking, and forming.
V
V Die – A type of tool which is used together with a V punch.
V Punch – A type of tool utilized for angle forming.
Vibratory Finishing – A deburring process in which the required number of parts is accelerated and decelerated by mechanical sources inside of a drum-shaped enclosure containing abrasive media.
W
Webs – (1) The thin material to be punched. (2) The material between two openings or edges.
Wipe Die – A tool which forms material by utilizing two opposite edges, disconnected by a singular material thickness, moving past each other.
Wire Form Manufacturing – Fabrication of a metal part, made from wire, on a slide forming machine.
Wire link – A small cylindrical metal component used to securely splice two or more wires together.